1. Kukweza chonde m'nthaka
95% yazinthu zopezeka m'nthaka zilipo zosasungunuka ndipo sizingamezedwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera. Komabe, ma metabolites a microbial amakhala ndi ma organic acid ambiri. Zinthu izi zili ngati madzi otentha owonjezedwa mu ayezi. Tsatirani zinthu monga calcium, magnesium, sulfure, mkuwa, zinc, iron, boron ndi molybdenum zitha kusungunuka mwachangu, ndipo zitha kulowetsedwa mwachindunji ndi zomera Zomwe michere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imathandizira kwambiri kuti dothi limange feteleza.
Zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mu feteleza zimakulitsa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka izikhala yolimba, komanso kuteteza madzi panthaka ndikusunganso feteleza kumakhala kolimba. Chifukwa chake, dothi limapanga mapangidwe okhazikika a mbewa, kuti lithe kuchita bwino pothandizira kugwirizanitsa kubereka. Ndi feteleza wampweya, dothi limakhala lotayirira komanso lachonde.
2. Sinthani nthaka kuti ikhale yolimba ndikulimbikitsa kuberekana kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta nthaka
Manyowa achilengedwe amatha kupanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka kufalikira kwambiri, makamaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tothandiza, monga mabakiteriya okonza nayitrogeni, mabakiteriya a ammoniation, mabakiteriya omwe akuwononga, ndi zina zotero. ndikukonzanso nthaka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikukula mofulumira m'nthaka, ali ngati khoka lalikulu losawoneka, lovuta. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titafa, mapaipi ang'onoang'ono ambiri adatsalira panthaka. Mapaipi ang'onoang'ono awa sanangowonjezera kuloweka kwa dothi, komanso adapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yosalala komanso yofewa, komanso michere ndi madzi sizinali zosavuta kutaya, zomwe zidakulitsa nkhokwe yosungira nthaka ndi feteleza, ndikupewa ndikuchotsa nthaka yomangika.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono topezeka mu feteleza wa organic amathanso kulepheretsa kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya owopsa, kuti mankhwala ochepa azitha kupezeka. Ngati yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, imatha kuletsa nthaka zovulaza zadothi, kupulumutsa ntchito, ndalama ndi kuipitsa.
Nthawi yomweyo, pali michere yambiri yogwira yomwe imatulutsa nyama ndi mitundu yambiri ya michere yopangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zinthu izi zimatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya ma enzyme ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kwakanthawi kumatha kukonza nthaka. Kwenikweni sinthani nthaka, sitiopa kubzala zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
3. Kupereka chakudya choyenera mumbewu ndi kuteteza mizu ya mbeu
Manyowa a organic amakhala ndi michere yambiri, yotsata zinthu, shuga ndi mafuta omwe amafunikira ndi zomera. CO2 yotulutsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa feteleza wamafuta itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu za photosynthesis.
Feteleza wa organic amakhalanso ndi 5% ya nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, ndi 45% ya zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe zimatha kupereka chakudya chokwanira cha mbewu.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kutchula kuti fetereza wamtundu amavunda m'nthaka, ndipo amatha kusinthidwa kukhala zidulo zosiyanasiyana za humic. Ndi mtundu wa ma molekyulu, omwe amakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino, magwiridwe antchito ovuta pama ayoni olemera, amatha kuchepetsa poizoni wa ayoni wazitsulo kubzala, kuletsa kuti usalowe mumtengowo, ndi kuteteza rhizome ya humic zinthu acid.
4. Kupititsa patsogolo kulimba, chilala ndi kusalowetsa madzi kwa mbeu
Feteleza wamafuta amakhala ndi mavitamini, maantibayotiki, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimathandizira kukaniza mbewu, kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda. Feteleza wa organic akagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'nthaka, imathandizira kusungitsa madzi ndi kuteteza madzi m'nthaka, ndipo pakagwa chilala, imathandizira kulimbana ndi chilala kwa mbewu.
Nthawi yomweyo, fetereza amathanso kumasula nthaka, kukonza zachilengedwe, mizu, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, kukulitsa mphamvu ya mizu, kukonza kulolerana kwa mbewu, kuchepetsa kufa kwa mbewu, ndikupititsa patsogolo kupulumuka kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaulimi.
5. Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo komanso chakudya chobiriwira
Boma lanena kale kuti kugwiritsira ntchito feteleza mopyola muyeso kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pakupanga ulimi, ndipo feteleza ndiye gwero lalikulu la feteleza popanga chakudya chobiriwira.
Chifukwa michere ya fetereza wa organic ndiyokwanira, ndipo zinthuzi ndizopanda poizoni, zovulaza komanso zopanda kuipitsa, izi zimapereka zofunikira pakapangidwe kazakudya zokolola zambiri, zabwino kwambiri komanso zopanda kuipitsa. Zinthu za humic acid zomwe zatchulidwazi zimatha kuchepetsa mavuto azitsulo zazitsulo pazomera, komanso zimachepetsa kuvulaza kwazitsulo zamphamvu mthupi la munthu.
6. Wonjezerani zokolola
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito feteleza timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka kuti tipeze ma metabolites achiwiri, omwe amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kopititsa patsogolo zinthu.
Mwachitsanzo, auxin imatha kulimbikitsa kutalika kwa mbewu ndi kukula, asidi ya abscisic imatha kukulitsa zipatso, gibberellin imatha kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi zipatso, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwamaluwa, kuchuluka kwa zipatso, kuwonjezera zokolola, kupanga zipatso kukhala zonenepa, mtundu watsopano komanso wofewa, ndipo amatha kutchulidwa koyambirira kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa zokolola ndi ndalama.
7. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa michere ndikuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka feteleza
Mulingo wogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala ndi 30% - 45% yokha. Ena mwa fetereza omwe atayika amatulutsidwa kupita mumlengalenga, ena mwa iwo amatayika ndi madzi ndi kuyenda kwa nthaka, ndipo ena amakhala okhazikika m'nthaka, omwe sangathe kuyamwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mbewu.
Pomwe fetereza wa organic amagwiritsidwa ntchito, dothi limakonzedwa ndi zochitika zopindulitsa zachilengedwe, komanso kuthekera kwa kusamalira madzi ndi kuteteza feteleza kunakulitsidwa, motero kumachepetsa kutayika kwa michere. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera kumatha kuwonjezeka mpaka kupitirira 50% pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tothandiza popanga phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Pomaliza, zopereka zisanu ndi ziwiri za fetereza wa organic kuulimi zikuwonetsa maubwino ake. Ndikukula kwa kufunafuna kwa anthu chakudya ndi moyo wabwino, chitukuko cha ulimi wobiriwira chithandizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa feteleza mtsogolo, komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukula kwachitukuko chaulimi wamakono.
Post nthawi: May-06-2021